Какая температура необходима для карбонизации древесины? – Вертикальная печь для карбонизации

The vertical carbonization furnace, also called a hanging carbonization furnace, is one of the widely used efficient carbonization devices. It can precisely control the temperature at different stages, achieving high output and stable carbonization. In charcoal production, temperature control is a key factor for carbonization efficiency and charcoal quality.

Properly managing temperature changes can not only increase wood conversion rates but also reduce energy consumption and optimize carbonization time.

Carbonization process and temperature stages

Furnace Temperature Range	Operation Key Points	Description
≤ 90 °C	Ignite with waste materials, high flame	Provide initial heat, prepare for moisture removal stage
90–150 °C	Reduce flame	Enter moisture removal stage, evaporate internal water from wood
150–230 °C	Increase flame	Continue moisture removal for about 6 hours, ensure even drying
230–280 °C	Maintain stable combustion	Start combustion assistance, generate gas mixture
≥ 280 °C	Close bottom door, self-ignition stage	CO circulates and burns inside, no external heat needed
Up to ~500 °C	Carbonization complete	After carbonization, cool for over 10 hours for best result

In a vertical carbonization furnace, the whole process is usually divided into five stages: heating, moisture removal, combustion assistance, self-ignition, and cooling. The relationship between temperature and combustion control is shown in the table below.

During carbonization, the internal moisture of the wood gradually evaporates, volatile gases are released, and the wood structure transforms into stable carbon. Especially when the temperature reaches about 280 °C, the furnace can use the combustible gases it produces for self-ignition, greatly reducing energy consumption and enabling energy-saving, environmentally friendly continuous production.

How does moisture content affect carbonization temperature？

The higher the moisture content, the slower the heating

• The water in the wood absorbs a large amount of heat during heating for evaporation, which slows down the rise of furnace temperature.
• Moisture content 10–15%: Furnace temperature rises quickly and can enter the carbonization stage in a short time.
• Moisture content 25–30%: Longer time is needed for moisture removal, and the carbonization process is delayed.

Temperature in the moisture removal stage is affected by the water content

• In the vertical carbonization furnace, 90–150 °C is the wood dehydration stage.
• High moisture content → Moisture removal needs 6–8 hours;
• Low moisture content → Only 3–4 hours are needed to complete.

Heating too fast will cause uneven carbonization

If the wood is heated directly to above 230 °C without fully removing moisture, it is easy to have uneven charcoal, impure color, or even wood cracking.

Table of temperature and moisture coordination at different stages

Stage Temperature	Required Moisture Content	Operation Key Points
Below 90 °C	Any	Ignite with waste materials, start preparing for moisture removal
90–150 °C	Moisture ≤ 30%	Maintain low flame, slowly evaporate water
150–230 °C	Moisture ≤ 20%	Increase flame, complete dehydration, wood begins slight decomposition
230–280 °C	Moisture ≤ 15%	Enter combustion assistance stage, generate gas mixture
280–500 °C	Moisture ≤ 10%	Self-ignition carbonization, form high-quality charcoal

Advantages of temperature control in vertical charcoal kiln

1. The vertical charcoal kiln is equipped with an automatic temperature control system and gas recirculation device, enabling precise and energy-saving carbonization:
2. When the furnace temperature is below the set value, the system automatically ignites to supplement heat.
3. When the temperature reaches 280 °C, carbon monoxide generated inside the furnace self-ignites to provide heat, achieving self-circulating carbonization.
4. The furnace has strong sealing, effectively preventing air backflow and reducing heat loss.
5. This design makes the entire carbonization process safer and more energy-efficient, especially suitable for materials with high moisture content or diverse raw materials.

Recommended wood moisture content

There is a close dynamic balance between wood moisture content and carbonization temperature.

• Too high moisture prolongs moisture removal time and increases energy consumption.
• Too low moisture may cause carbonization to be too fast, making the charcoal structure brittle.

In a vertical carbonization furnace, drying raw materials to 10–15% moisture content is ideal. This not only shortens the carbonization time (about 14 hours of burning + 10 hours of cooling) but also produces high-density, low-ash, high-quality charcoal.

Why choose a vertical carbonization furnace?

Compared with traditional earth kilns or simple furnaces, the vertical carbonization furnace has the following advantages:

• Precise temperature control: Ensures uniform carbonization and more stable charcoal quality.
• High efficiency: Can carbonize 2,500–3,000 kg of raw materials every 24 hours.
• Energy-saving and eco-friendly: Uses self-generated combustible gases for circulation, no extra fuel needed.
• Clean and low emissions: Produces less smoke, more environmentally friendly.
• Wide range of raw materials: Suitable for wood, bamboo, coconut shells, palm shells, nut shells, and other biomass materials.

Carbonization Performance

With proper temperature control, the vertical charcoal kiln can produce high-quality charcoal with high density, good burning performance, and uniform shape. Multiple batches can be completed in one day, greatly improving production efficiency.

What temperature is needed for wood carbonization?

The core temperature range for wood carbonization is 150 °C–500 °C. With the precise temperature control system of a vertical carbonization furnace, you can easily achieve high-quality and stable charcoal production.